Sumter County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 107,456. Its county seat is Sumter. The county was created in 1800. Sumter County is included in Sumter, South Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area.

It is the home of Shaw AFB, headquarters to the 9th Air Force, AFCENT, United States Army Central. It is one of largest bases in the USAF's Air Combat Command.