RCA connector (phono/cinch): analog audio and video plug

Design and common variants

Mechanically, an RCA plug is non‑locking and plugs into a matching jack. Most consumer RCA cables are unbalanced and pair a signal conductor with a shield. There are also precision versions made to controlled impedances (commonly 75 Ω) for use with high‑quality video or broadcast equipment. RCA connectors come in male plugs and mounted female jacks for equipment panels.

Color coding and wiring

Color coding helps users match connections. Typical conventions include:

• Yellow – composite video (one signal for luminance and chrominance)
• White or black – left audio channel
• Red – right audio channel

Component video systems reuse RCA plugs with different colors (for example green, blue, red) to carry separate Y/Pb/Pr signals instead of composite video. See common wiring examples at color code references.

History and terminology

The connector was introduced by the Radio Corporation of America in the 1940s to link phonograph players to amplifiers, which is why the term "phono" appears in some regions. Over time the simple, inexpensive design spread across tape decks, VCRs, game consoles and camcorders. For background on its origins and manufacturer history, consult sources such as historical notes.

Uses, adapters and examples

RCA remains common for legacy consumer equipment: stereo audio hookups, composite video inputs on older televisions, and component video connections. Many adapters bridge RCA to other formats, for example 3.5 mm audio jacks, XLR for professional audio, BNC for locked video connections, or digital converters to HDMI. Practical examples and signal descriptions are available in general audio/video guides at audio resources and video resources.

Limitations and notable distinctions

Although convenient, RCA connectors are susceptible to noise on long runs, lack locking mechanisms, and carry analog signals only. They have mostly been superseded in new consumer devices by digital interfaces such as HDMI, which can carry multichannel audio and high‑definition video over a single cable. For professional or broadcast work, alternatives like BNC or balanced XLR are often preferred.