Oral sex refers to sexual activity in which one person's mouth, lips, tongue or throat is used to stimulate another person's external genitalia or anus. Common technical names for specific acts include fellatio (oral stimulation of a penis) and cunnilingus (oral stimulation of female genitals). Other variations — such as oral contact with the anus — are sometimes described with different terms and covered under the general concept of oral–anal contact (other variations). The words tongue, mouth and throat identify the main parts of the body involved.

Typical contexts and behaviors

Oral sex may be performed as part of foreplay before intercourse or as an alternative to penetrative sex. It occurs in heterosexual and same-sex relationships and can vary widely in technique, duration and mutual preferences. People often use informal language or slang to describe it; familiar English expressions include phrases like "going down on," "giving head" or simply "oral sex."

Common types

  • Fellatio: oral stimulation of a penis, sometimes involving ejaculation into the mouth; the bodily fluid often involved is semen.
  • Cunnilingus: oral stimulation of the vulva and clitoris.
  • Oral–anal contact: stimulation of the anus with the mouth or tongue; sometimes called anilingus.

Health risks and prevention

Oral sex does not cause pregnancy; swallowing ejaculate does not lead to conception (pregnancy risk is essentially absent). However, it can transmit sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including common infections such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis and viral infections. Herpes simplex virus can pass between the mouth and genital area in either direction (herpes simplex), and human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect oral tissues. Transmission of HIV by oral sex is possible but considerably less efficient than by unprotected anal or vaginal intercourse; risk increases if there are sores, bleeding gums or other mucosal damage (HIV).

  • Safer practices include using barrier methods such as condoms for fellatio and dental dams for cunnilingus or oral–anal contact.
  • Avoid oral sex if there are sores, cuts or active infections in the mouth or on the genitals.
  • Regular STI testing, honest communication between partners, and vaccination (e.g., for HPV) reduce risk.

Attitudes toward oral sex vary by culture, religion and individual preference. In some places and contexts it is widely accepted as a normal part of sexual activity; in others it may be stigmatized or subject to moral or legal restrictions. Consent, mutual respect and adherence to local laws (including age-of-consent regulations) are essential. Public-health campaigns and sexual-education programs typically include oral sex when discussing STI prevention and safer-sex techniques.

Notable distinctions and practical notes

Important distinctions for users are that oral sex poses no risk of conception but can transmit infections, that barrier methods reduce but do not eliminate risk, and that open communication about boundaries and health status improves safety and satisfaction. For more detailed clinical information and guidance on prevention, hygiene and testing, consult reliable health resources or a medical professional.

References and further reading can be followed via authoritative sources or clinics; try specialized pages on fellatio, cunnilingus and other topics, or general sexual-health resources (variations, STI information) for up-to-date recommendations.