Kedah (state in Malaysia)

Geography and environment

Kedah's landscape ranges from flat, fertile paddy fields to modest hills and offshore islands. The state fronts the Straits of Malacca and borders Thailand to the north. The Langkawi group of islands lies off the west coast and contrasts with the mainland's rice-producing plains. The climate is tropical with a monsoon season that influences planting cycles and coastal weather.

History and governance

The area known today as Kedah has a long recorded history as a Malay polity and sultanate that engaged in regional trade and cultural exchange. Over centuries it experienced influences from Indianised kingdoms, the spread of Islam, and later integration into the modern Malaysian federation. Kedah remains a constitutional monarchy with a Sultan as its ceremonial head while an elected state government handles day-to-day administration.

Economy and uses

Agriculture, especially paddy cultivation, is a defining feature of Kedah and has earned the state a reputation as one of Malaysia's principal rice-producing regions. Fisheries and aquaculture support coastal communities, while tourism—largely driven by Langkawi's beaches, geodiversity and resorts—contributes significant revenue. Manufacturing and services are concentrated around urban centres.

Culture and notable features

Malay culture predominates, with traditional crafts, performing arts and religious festivals prominent in public life. Alor Setar hosts historic mosques and civic buildings alongside modern amenities. Langkawi is internationally known for its natural attractions and has received recognition as a geopark, attracting visitors interested in geology, wildlife and island recreation.

Quick facts

• Area: approximately 9,425 km2.
• Capital: Alor Setar.
• Notable: major rice-producing state and home to the Langkawi islands.
• Connectivity: served by road, rail links on the peninsula and ferry connections to the islands.