Glirinae: the dormouse subfamily including Glis and Glirulus

Taxonomy and genera

Glirinae contains two living genera. Listed below are the commonly recognized genera and their typical species:

• Glis — represented by the edible dormouse, Glis glis, which occurs across parts of Europe and neighbouring regions.
• Glirulus — represented by the Japanese dormouse, Glirulus japonicus, native to Japan.

These genera are distinguished from other dormice by a combination of skull and dental characters as well as limb and tail proportions that suit an arboreal lifestyle.

Appearance and distinguishing traits

Glirinae species typically have compact bodies, large eyes and bushy tails that aid balance. The edible dormouse tends to be relatively robust with a dense fur, while the Japanese dormouse is smaller and often more gracile and agile in its movements. Fur coloration and size vary by species and population.

Ecology and behaviour

Both genera are primarily nocturnal and spend much of their time in trees. Their diet is opportunistic and includes seeds, nuts, fruits, buds and animal prey such as insects. Many dormice in this group show marked seasonal changes in activity, with prolonged periods of torpor or hibernation in colder months.

Glirinae species use tree hollows, nests and rock crevices for shelter and breeding. Reproduction is usually seasonal, producing small litters. Their arboreal habits and secretive nocturnal behaviour mean they are often infrequently seen despite being locally common in suitable habitats.

Distribution, human interactions and conservation

The edible dormouse has a broad native range in Europe and nearby areas and has been reported outside its native range in some localities. The Japanese dormouse is restricted to parts of Japan. Both genera can come into contact with people: edible dormice have a long history of association with humans, including occasional use as food in antiquity, while both species may enter buildings or be seen as pests in orchards and apiaries.

Conservation status varies by species and region. Habitat loss, fragmentation and local persecution can affect populations, but several populations remain stable where woodland habitat is continuous. Research and monitoring continue to refine understanding of their ecology and needs.