Daisy

Structure and taxonomy

Daisy flower heads typically combine two floret types: tubular disc florets in the centre, which are often fertile, and strap-shaped ray florets around the margin that resemble petals and attract pollinators. The common name covers species in several genera, including Bellis (the common daisy), Leucanthemum (oxeye and Shasta daisies), Gerbera (African daisy) and others, reflecting diversity within the Asteraceae family.

Common species and cultivated types

Well-known species include Bellis perennis (lawn or common daisy) and Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy). Garden breeding has produced many cultivars with double flowers, larger heads, and extended colour ranges; Shasta daisies are a widely grown hybrid group valued for cut flowers and borders.

Distribution, ecology and uses

• Distribution: native to temperate regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, many species are now widespread in cultivation and the wild.
• Ecology: daisies attract bees, butterflies and other insects, supporting pollination networks; some species can naturalize or become invasive outside their native range.
• Uses: primarily ornamental in gardens, lawns and floral trade; some species have been used historically in folk medicine and as salad greens.

Cultivation and cultural significance

Most daisies prefer well‑drained soil and full sun, and are propagated by seed or division. They are symbols of innocence and purity in art and folklore and appear in popular customs such as petal‑plucking games. Careful selection of species and cultivars allows use in lawns, meadow plantings and formal borders, contributing to both aesthetic and ecological functions in cultivated landscapes.