Overview
Phillip Island (Boonwurrung: Corriong or Millowl) lies about 140 km south‑southeast of Melbourne in the state of Victoria, Australia. It is part of the Bass Coast Shire and is linked to the mainland by a concrete bridge carrying road traffic to the town of Newhaven. The island was named by the explorer George Bass in honour of Arthur Phillip, the first governor of New South Wales. At the time of the 2016 census the population of the island was recorded as 10,387, with numbers rising seasonally because of tourism.
Geography and access
Phillip Island measures roughly 26 km from end to end and about 9 km at its widest point, with an overall area near 100 km2 and nearly 97 km of coastline. The island's coastline includes rugged headlands, sandy beaches, sheltered bays and low cliffs. A 640 m concrete bridge connects the town of San Remo on the mainland to Newhaven on the island, providing the primary road link for residents and visitors. Several small towns and settlements are scattered across the island, including Cowes, Rhyll and Silverleaves, which provide accommodation, shops and services.
Natural environment and wildlife
Phillip Island is best known for its wildlife and protected coastal habitats. The island supports colonies of Little Penguins (also called Fairy Penguins) that return to shore each evening in the popular "Penguin Parade" at a protected viewing area. Seabird colonies, waterbirds in wetlands, Australian fur seals and diverse intertidal communities are also notable. Conservation reserves and managed boardwalks help protect sensitive areas while allowing public access for birdwatching, photography and education.
Human history and culture
Indigenous Boonwurrung people have long connections to the island and surrounding seas, and Aboriginal names such as Corriong or Millowl reflect that heritage. European sealing and fishing followed early exploration in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Over time the island developed farming, holiday settlements and services to support both residents and visitors. Efforts to conserve wildlife and manage tourism have become an important part of the island's recent history.
Economy, recreation and notable attractions
The local economy blends tourism, hospitality, some agriculture and service industries. Major visitor draws include the nightly Little Penguin viewing experience, coastal walking tracks, surf beaches on the southern coast, and family-friendly shorelines around Cowes. Phillip Island is also home to the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit, an internationally recognised motor-racing track that hosts national and international events and contributes substantially to the island's visitor numbers. Facilities for cycling, horse riding and marine wildlife cruises are common.
Conservation and visitor management
Conservation groups and government agencies manage habitats to balance visitor access with protection of breeding sites and fragile ecosystems. Interpretive centres and guided tours provide information about local ecology and the need for responsible wildlife viewing. The island's combination of easy access from Melbourne, significant wildlife experiences and recreational infrastructure makes it a well‑known destination in Victoria, while ongoing management seeks to preserve its natural values for future visitors and resident species.
- Notable facts: the island's penguin colonies attract international attention, and the Grand Prix Circuit brings motorsport visitors.
- Transport: main road access via the bridge from San Remo to Newhaven; local buses and private vehicles provide internal transport.
- Resources: visitor centres, conservation programs and community groups support tourism and habitat protection.
For more detailed visitor information and official resources, consult local guides and conservation authorities. The island's mix of natural values, cultural history and recreational opportunities makes it an important part of Victoria's coastal landscape.
Victoria | Arthur Phillip | New South Wales | George Bass | 2016 census