Overview

Ugni is a small genus of evergreen shrubs in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. It comprises a handful of closely related species native to the western regions of the Americas. Plants in this genus are valued both for their ornamental foliage and for the small, aromatic berries produced by some species.

Characteristics

Members of Ugni share a set of botanical traits that distinguish them within Myrtaceae. Typical features include glossy, opposite leaves, modestly sized pendulous flowers and fleshy berry fruits. Flowers are often inconspicuous and borne singly or in small clusters. The fruit is a rounded berry, usually edible in the best-known species.

  • Growth form: evergreen shrubs, usually compact.
  • Leaves: simple, opposite, aromatic when crushed.
  • Flowers: small, often white or pale, borne close to stems.
  • Fruit: fleshy berry, variable in color and flavor.

Distribution and taxonomy

The genus is native to western parts of the Americas, where its species occur in temperate to subtropical habitats. Historically, some Ugni species were included in related genera such as Myrtus; taxonomists established Ugni as a distinct genus in the 19th century on the basis of floral and fruit characters. For further taxonomic background see genus overview and the family page Myrtaceae.

Uses and cultural importance

Ugni molinae, commonly called Chilean guava or murtilla, is the most widely known species and is cultivated for its fragrant berries. The fruit is used fresh, in preserves, desserts and sometimes in flavorings or liqueurs. Several species are also grown as ornamental shrubs in gardens for their neat habit and glossy foliage.

Notable facts and distinctions

Although modest in size, Ugni is notable for producing a pleasant-tasting berry in at least one species and for being a horticultural substitute for other small-leaved myrtles. Botanists differentiate Ugni from close relatives by a combination of flower position, stamen arrangement and fruit form; for accessible species lists and distribution notes see species resources and regional flora entries distribution reference. General family information can be found at Myrtaceae overview.

Gardeners appreciate Ugni for its low maintenance and suitability in containers or mixed borders. In areas with mild winters it can be grown successfully outdoors; in cooler climates it is often protected or grown under glass. When introduced outside its native range, it has remained primarily a cultivated plant rather than an invasive one.