Marine Biology

Algae: diversity, ecology, and human uses Algae An introduction to algae: their biological features, evolutionary origins, ecological roles, major groups, and practical uses including food, industry and environmental application…

American lobster (Homarus americanus): biology, fishery and conservation American lobster The American lobster is a large northwest Atlantic crustacean prized by fisheries. This article explains its appearance, life cycle, habitat, commercial importance, and management…

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): biology, fisheries and conservation Atlantic cod Comprehensive overview of Atlantic cod—its biology, habitat, role in fisheries and cultural importance—plus history of exploitation and contemporary conservation measures.

Byssus: mollusc attachment threads and the rare textile 'sea‑silk' Byssus Byssus refers to the bundle of silky filaments some bivalves use to anchor themselves and to the rare textile known as sea‑silk, historically prized and now rare and protected.

Cephalopod (Cephalopoda): biology, evolution, behavior and human uses Cephalopod Cephalopods are a diverse class of marine molluscs—octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus—known for intelligence, camouflage, jet propulsion and a rich fossil record including amm…

Scallop (Pectinidae): biology, ecology and human uses Scallop Scallops are marine bivalve molluscs (family Pectinidae) known for their ribbed shells, ability to swim by clapping valves, numerous species worldwide, and importance as seafood an…