Naděžda Kavalírová (13 November 1923 – 20 January 2017) was a Czechoslovakian-born Czech physician, human rights activist and former political prisoner.
She became actively involved in the resistance to Czechoslovakia's Communist government. She later headed the Confederation of Political Prisoners (Konfederace politických vězňů České republiky) from 2003 until her death in January 2017.
Kavalírová died in Pardubice, Czech Republic, on 20 January 2017, at the age of 93.