Flag of San Marino

Design and symbolism

The white stripe traditionally signifies peace and purity; the light blue evokes liberty and the sky above the republic. The coat of arms placed over the two bands consists of a crowned shield, three towers on three peaks, and a wreath of oak and laurel. A scroll bearing the word "Libertas" appears beneath or around the shield, emphasizing the long-standing republican ideal of freedom.

Coat of arms elements

• Three towers: represent the fortified peaks of Mount Titano and the republic's historic strongholds.
• Crown: symbolizes sovereignty and independence.
• Oak and laurel branches: denote civic virtues such as strength and glory.

History and use

Variations of the white and blue colors have been associated with San Marino since the 19th century; the practice of adding the coat of arms for state use developed later. The plain bicolor is commonly flown by citizens, while government institutions and official buildings display the emblematic state flag. Protocol governs display during national celebrations and mourning, including rules for raising, lowering, and half-mast placement.

Practical notes and distinctions

When describing or reproducing the flag it is useful to distinguish between the civil flag (bicolor only) and the state flag (bicolor with the coat of arms). Exact shades and proportions are defined in national guidelines; for technical specifications and color references see the official sources on the republic's symbols via white and light blue.