The common collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris, is a distinctive North American reptile known for its broad head, powerful jaw, and the two dark bands or 'collars' at the base of its neck. Adults, including the tail, typically reach around 25–30 cm (about a foot) in total length, with males often more brightly colored than females. For general species information see species resources.

Physical characteristics

These lizards have a flattened, robust body, long tail and strong hind limbs. Typical field marks include the contrasting black collars on a lighter throat and body, and variable body coloration: males display vivid greens, blues and yellows with bold patterning in breeding season, while females tend toward more subdued browns and bands. They are capable of short bipedal bursts when sprinting, a behavior sometimes used to escape predators.

Distribution and habitat

Crotaphytus collaris occurs across parts of the central and southwestern United States and into adjacent areas of northern Mexico. It favors open, rocky terrain with scattered vegetation such as arid hillsides, mesas and canyon edges where sun-warmed rocks allow efficient thermoregulation and lookout perches for hunting and territorial display.

Behavior and diet

Common collared lizards are primarily carnivorous and active hunters. Their diet includes insects, spiders and other arthropods, and they will take small vertebrates including juvenile lizards. Behaviorally they are territorial: males perform visual displays such as push-ups and head-bobbing and defend sunning sites. Typical predators include birds of prey and snakes.

  • Hunting: active, ambush and pursuit tactics
  • Locomotion: can run bipedally for short distances
  • Communication: visual displays and body postures

Reproduction and lifecycle

Breeding occurs in spring and early summer. Females lay clutches of several eggs in shallow nests dug into loose soil or sand; clutches often contain multiple eggs and hatchlings emerge later in the warm season. Juveniles grow rapidly when food is abundant; lifespan in the wild varies with predation pressure but individuals may live several years.

Conservation and cultural notes

The common collared lizard is not generally considered globally threatened, though local populations can be affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. It is culturally notable as the state lizard of Oklahoma, a designation that highlights its recognition in regional natural history and education Oklahoma state symbols.