Album (music)

History and formats

The concept of the album dates to the early days of sound reproduction when multiple shellac discs were grouped together in a book-like wrapper. Later, long-playing records consolidated multiple tracks on one disc and made the term "album" synonymous with a single cohesive release. Physical formats have included 78 rpm collections, 33 1/3 rpm LPs on vinyl records, cassette tapes, and the compact disc. In recent decades digital files and streaming have become primary distribution methods while vinyl and CDs continue to be produced for collectors.

Common types

• Studio album: new material recorded and produced in studio settings.
• Live album: recordings captured during performances.
• Compilation: selections from an artist's catalogue or various sources.
• Concept album: tracks connected by a theme or narrative.
• EP and single: shorter releases that are distinct from full-length albums.

Albums vary in length and track count; sequencing and pacing are part of their artistic design. Individual songs from an album are often released as singles to promote the record.

Production, packaging, and reception

Beyond the music, an album typically includes cover art, credits, and liner notes that document contributors and context. Marketing, critical reviews, and chart performance shape public reception; some albums are reissued, remastered, or issued in expanded editions. While the industry has shifted toward streaming metrics, the album remains a central format for presenting a coherent musical statement.

For an overview of related topics and formats, see resources on recording practices and format histories. Physical and digital editions coexist, and artists frequently choose the format that best suits their creative and commercial aims.