Schuyler Colfax (March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was an American politician and journalist who rose to national prominence in the mid‑19th century. A leading figure in the Republican Party during and after the Civil War, Colfax served as a U.S. representative from Indiana and as the 29th Speaker of the House before becoming the 17th Vice President of the United States.
Early life and career
Colfax began his adult life in journalism and local politics. He gained experience as a newspaper editor and became active in political organizing at the state level. His background in the press helped him develop connections and a public profile that preceded his election to national office.
Congressional leadership
Colfax represented his district in the U.S. House of Representatives, where he emerged as a prominent legislative leader. During his tenure he presided over the House as Speaker, guiding debates and managing business during a turbulent period that included the Civil War and the start of Reconstruction. His leadership role is often cited as a key part of his rise to the national ticket.
Vice presidency and controversy
In 1869 Colfax became Vice President under President Ulysses S. Grant and served one term. His vice presidency coincided with an era of intense political change and rapid economic development. After leaving office his reputation was damaged when he was implicated in the Credit Mobilier scandal, an affair involving construction contracts and allegations of improper financial relations with legislators. Though the episode curtailed his prospects for higher office, it remains a notable element of his public life.
Later life and legacy
Following his national service Colfax remained active in business and public life, and he continued to be remembered for his earlier achievements as a legislator and House leader. Historians regard him as an influential mid‑19th century Republican whose career illustrates both the opportunities and the pitfalls of post‑Civil War American politics.
- U.S. Representative from Indiana
- 29th Speaker of the House
- 17th Vice President of the United States