List of rivers of Burundi

Major rivers and selected tributaries

• Ruvubu — One of the principal rivers rising in Burundi; it flows northward and is part of the Kagera–Nile catchment.
• Ruvyironza — A headwater stream often mentioned among the remote sources feeding the Ruvubu and, by extension, the Kagera River.
• Ruzizi (Rusizi) — Runs along parts of Burundi's western edge toward Lake Tanganyika and forms a boundary with neighbouring countries in places.
• Malagarazi — A significant river of the Lake Tanganyika basin, with tributary systems that influence southwestern Burundi's lowlands.
• Akanyaru (Kanyaru) — A border river in the northwestern region; it is important for local irrigation and cross-border water management.

Smaller streams and seasonal creeks are numerous across Burundi's highlands. Local names for these watercourses vary by community, and many are important for village water supply and small-scale rice cultivation. For a general distinction between different flowing waters, see the broader categories of streams and rivers.

Historically and geographically, parts of Burundi contribute to the Nile's headwaters through the Ruvubu–Kagera system; some explorers and hydrologists have identified Burundian springs as among the more remote sources of the Nile, though such designations depend on the criteria used. The western drainage toward Lake Tanganyika links Burundi to the Congo Basin via the Ruzizi and other outflows.

Uses and importance: Burundian rivers support freshwater fisheries, irrigation for subsistence crops, and small hydropower installations. They also sustain protected areas such as riparian zones and national parks that rely on perennial streams. Because many rivers are short and fast-flowing, they are rarely navigable beyond local craft.

Transboundary issues and conservation: Several rivers form or cross international borders, so water management involves cooperative arrangements with neighbors. Protecting upstream watersheds is important for reducing erosion, maintaining water quality, and preserving biodiversity. For more context about the country and its waterways see Burundi.