Billings County, North Dakota

Geography and environment

The county lies in the semi-arid plains and Badlands of western North Dakota. Deep coulees, mixed-grass prairie and outcrops characterize much of the land; the Little Missouri River and its tributaries cut through the region, creating canyons and scenic overlooks. Parts of the landscape are associated with Theodore Roosevelt–era natural features and public lands, which contribute to the area's appeal for hiking, wildlife viewing and photography. For a regional map and context see western North Dakota resources.

History and settlement

Billings County developed during the late 19th century amid railroad expansion and frontier settlement. The county name honors a historical figure associated with railroad development, and early activity centered on ranching, stage routes and small agricultural communities. Medora preserves several historic sites tied to frontier-era entrepreneurs and ranching culture, which today draw visitors interested in frontier history.

Economy, uses and recreation

The local economy has traditionally relied on ranching and agriculture; in recent decades tourism has become increasingly important because of scenic attractions and outdoor recreation. Visitors come for wildlife viewing, backcountry hiking, scenic drives and historic sites near Medora. Energy development has affected parts of western North Dakota, and land use includes a mix of private ranchland, public recreation areas and small towns.

Characteristics and administration

• Population: very small and widely dispersed; 2010 population recorded as 783 (census data).
• County seat: Medora, a service and visitor center.
• Landscape: Badlands, prairie, river coulees and ranchland.
• Recreation: hiking, scenic drives, historic sites and wildlife watching.

Though sparsely inhabited, Billings County plays a notable role in showcasing North Dakota's Badlands scenery and western heritage. Its combination of open country, historic places and access to public lands makes it a distinct part of the state's geography and culture.