988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline

How it works

Dialing the three-digit number 9-8-8 routes the person in crisis to the nearest crisis center in the Lifeline network. Counselors are trained to assess risk, de-escalate intense emotional states, and connect people to ongoing care when needed. The service is free and available 24 hours a day. In addition to voice calls, most Lifeline centers handle text and online chat messages, increasing access for people who prefer not to speak on the phone. The Lifeline also offers language access and connections to local resources for diverse communities. Detailed operational information and guidance are provided on the Lifeline's resource listings: learn more.

History and development

The 988 number grew out of the long-standing National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. In the United States, policymakers and mental health advocates pushed for a simpler, easier-to-remember code similar to 911 for emergencies. Federal steps to designate 988 as a national dialing code culminated in its public launch in 2022, when telephone carriers began routing calls to the Lifeline network. The change aimed to reduce barriers to help-seeking and to normalize use of a dedicated mental health crisis line.

When to use 988

Use 988 when you or someone you care about is experiencing suicidal thoughts, a mental health or substance use crisis, or severe emotional distress that feels overwhelming. The Lifeline can help people who are not sure whether their situation is an emergency but need immediate support. If there is an imminent life-threatening situation involving violence, active harm to others, or a need for urgent medical attention, local emergency services (for example, 911 in the United States) should be contacted.

Key characteristics and notable facts

• 24/7 availability: Crisis counseling is available any time of day or night.
• Confidentiality: Conversations are confidential; counselors provide support and can arrange local referrals when needed.
• Multiple contact options: Voice calls, texting, and online chat are commonly supported, increasing accessibility.
• Local routing: Calls are routed to nearby centers so callers can receive regionally relevant referrals and follow-up options.
• Veterans option: Some services within the broader crisis system include pathways for callers who are veterans to reach specialized resources.

Importance and limitations

988 has been widely recognized as an important step toward reducing obstacles to crisis care and destigmatizing help-seeking for mental health emergencies. At the same time, the Lifeline is not a substitute for comprehensive mental health services; callers who need ongoing care are typically connected to community providers. Continued investment in crisis centers, workforce training, and local mental health infrastructure remains essential to meet demand and improve outcomes.

For resources, guidance on next steps, and links to local services, consult the Lifeline's published materials and local health agencies. Additional official information and updates are available from the Lifeline's network pages and related federal mental health resources: network information, additional resources.