Xu Caihou (Chinese: 徐才厚; pinyin: Xú Cáihòu; June 1943 – 15 March 2015) was a former member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General of Chinese People's Liberation Army.
On 19 September 2004, Xu succeeded Hu Jintao as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission after Hu was promoted to chairmanship. Xu retired from public office in 2013. In March 2014, it was reported that Xu was diagnosed with bladder cancer and was undergoing extensive treatment in Beijing.
In June 2014, Xu was expelled from the Communist Party. Before his death, he under investigation for "serious disciplinary violations." He was also facing a military court martial.
Xu died in China from bladder cancer and multiple organ failure on 15 March 2015 at the age of 71.