Overview

Squash is an indoor racket sport usually played by two players (singles) or four players (doubles). Competitors take turns striking a small, hollow rubber ball against the walls of a court so that the opponent cannot make a legal return before the ball bounces twice. Matches emphasize speed, precision and tactical movement within a confined space.

Court, equipment and basic play

A standard squash court is enclosed by four walls with marked service and out lines. Players use lightweight rackets and wear non-marking shoes. The ball is small, hollow and made of rubber; balls vary in bounce to suit different levels of play.

  • Racket: light frame with a stringed head and a grip.
  • Ball: small rubber ball; slower balls are used for advanced play.
  • Court: four walls, floor markings for service boxes and out lines.

Rules and scoring

Players serve to start a rally and then alternate shots, aiming to hit the front wall above the tin and below the out line. A point is won when the opponent fails to return the ball, hits it out of play, or commits an infraction. Scoring systems vary, but point‑a‑rally (PAR) to 11 points per game is commonly used, with matches usually decided by best of five games.

History and development

Squash originated in 19th‑century England as a derivative of earlier racket games played in schools and clubs. It evolved through standardized court design, equipment improvements and organized competitions. National and international governing bodies now oversee rules, tournaments and rankings.

Strategy, fitness and competitive scene

Success in squash combines shot selection, court positioning and endurance. The sport demands cardiovascular fitness, agility and quick reflexes, making it a vigorous workout as well as a tactical contest. Professional tours and world championships attract top players, while recreational leagues and coaching programs support grassroots participation.

Variations and notable facts

Variations include singles and doubles formats and informal social play. Squash is known for its tight, continuous rallies and for being accessible in many countries through clubs and public courts. Though it remains outside the Olympic program, it enjoys a strong international following and a well developed competition structure.