Overview

Cundinamarca is a central department of the Republic of Colombia that largely encircles the country's capital, Bogotá. The department covers roughly 22,623 square kilometres (not including the Bogotá Capital District) and had an estimated population of about 2.6 million people as of 2013. Although Bogotá sits geographically within the department's area, it is administratively a separate Capital District.

Geography and climate

Cundinamarca occupies parts of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes and adjacent valleys and foothills. Elevations range from high Andean peaks and páramo plateaus down to lower inter-Andean valleys and tropical foothills, producing a range of climates from cold highland to warm lowland conditions. The department's landscapes include lakes, river valleys and protected high moorlands; local waters contribute to larger river systems that drain toward Colombia's interior basins.

History and people

The territory now called Cundinamarca was long inhabited by indigenous groups, notably the Muisca, before Spanish colonization in the 16th century. During the republican era the area was reorganized into modern administrative units; Cundinamarca has since played a central role in national politics because of its proximity to the capital. The population today is a mix of urban residents, rural communities, and indigenous and Afro-Colombian minorities.

Administration, economy and uses

Cundinamarca is divided into smaller administrative provinces and numerous municipalities that manage local affairs while coordinating with the departmental government. Economically the department combines agriculture (vegetables, flowers, cereals), livestock, some mining and industry, and a large service sector linked to Bogotá. Tourism also grows around natural areas, historic towns and cultural sites.

Environment and notable features

The department contains important ecosystems such as montane forests and páramo; among these is the Sumapaz páramo, a high moorland often cited as one of the largest páramo areas. Conservation and sustainable water management are significant concerns because the highland ecosystems supply water to downstream population centers.

Key facts and distinctions

  • Surrounds the Capital District but does not include Bogotá administratively.
  • Central position in Colombia makes it important for transportation and national administration.
  • Varied topography supports diverse climates, agriculture and protected natural areas.
  • See lists of Colombian divisions at departments of Colombia for administrative context.