Henry County is a county unit of local government located in the U.S. state of Virginia. According to the 2010 census, the county had 54,151 residents. The independent city of Martinsville functions as the county seat and administrative center; its role reflects Virginia’s unusual system of independent cities and counties. For many residents the city and county operate as a single regional community.

Historical background

Created in the late 18th century from surrounding territory, Henry County was named for the Revolutionary-era statesman Patrick Henry. Over the 19th and 20th centuries the county’s economy shifted from agriculture and tobacco toward manufacturing. Furniture making, textiles and related industries became important employers in the region, shaping towns and local identity.

Geography and environment

Located along Virginia’s southern border with North Carolina, Henry County sits within the Piedmont plateau. The Smith River and reservoirs such as Philpott Lake provide water resources, scenic valleys and recreational opportunities including boating, fishing and trails. The landscape combines small towns, farmland and wooded ridgelines.

Economy and institutions

The county’s economy historically centered on furniture production—Bassett and other makers established manufacturing facilities in the area—and on textile operations. Like many Appalachian and Piedmont counties, Henry experienced industrial restructuring in the late 20th century, prompting economic diversification efforts. Education and workforce training are anchored by institutions such as Patrick & Henry Community College and local school systems.

Culture, attractions and government

Henry County and Martinsville are known for motorsports: the Martinsville Speedway is a nationally recognized short track that draws visitors and racing events. Other local attractions include historic downtown districts, outdoor recreation at Philpott Lake and community festivals. County government is organized through an elected board and provides typical local services; Martinsville serves as the courthouse and administrative hub (county seat).

Towns and notable facts

  • Communities include Martinsville (independent city), Bassett, Ridgeway and others.
  • Industry heritage: furniture manufacturing and textiles.
  • Outdoor resources: Smith River, Philpott Lake and regional parks.
  • Motorsports: Martinsville Speedway draws regional and national attention.