Vietnam's flags reflect the country's modern political history and cultural symbolism. The most widely recognized is the national flag: a red field charged with a large yellow five-pointed star at the center. This design is closely associated with the independence movement of the mid-20th century and has served as the emblem of the state since the era of anti-colonial struggle.

National flag and symbolism

The national banner consists of a plain red background with a single prominent yellow star. The red field commonly represents revolution and sacrifice, while the yellow star is often explained as a symbol of unity among broad social groups. The star's five points are widely interpreted to represent different segments of society working together under a single national project.

Historical and alternative flags

Several other flags are notable in Vietnam's history. The former Republic of Vietnam (commonly called South Vietnam) used a distinctive yellow flag with three horizontal red stripes. Imperial and dynastic banners from earlier periods were different again, and local or ceremonial flags have varied by era and region. After reunification in 1975–1976, the modern national flag became the sole official national emblem.

Governmental, military and local flags

Beyond the national banner, Vietnam uses a range of flags for government bodies, the armed forces, public services and some local authorities. Military and naval units often employ ensigns, jacks and unit standards derived from the national colors and insignia. Many provincial or municipal flags are informal or rarely displayed, and practices can vary over time.

Usage, protocol and public display

The flag is used on public buildings, at official ceremonies and during national holidays. Common practices include hoisting the flag above government offices, using it in parades and observing respectful display during mourning with half-mast protocols when declared. Private display is widespread during national observances.

Further reading and classification

  • Categories commonly listed by vexillologists: national, historical, military, provincial and political flags.
  • Historical flags include dynastic banners and the emblem of South Vietnam (yellow with three red stripes).
  • For a compiled visual list and more detailed entries, see List of flags of Vietnam.

Study of Vietnamese flags connects national symbolism, political change and local tradition. While the national flag remains constant as a unifying symbol, many other banners tell the story of regional identities, historical regimes and institutional roles within the country.