Button: fastener, mechanical switch, and user-interface control

A button can be a small fastener on clothing, a physical switch that completes a circuit, or a graphical element in software. This article explains types, parts, history, and practical distinctions.

Overview

A button is a small object used in three principal senses: as a clothing fastener, as a mechanical or electronic switch, and as a graphical control in user interfaces. In each role a button provides a simple, compact means to join, actuate, or command. Although the forms and technologies differ, all share the common idea of a small, deliberately operated element.

Physical clothing buttons

As a fastener, a button is typically attached to fabric and fitted through an opening (a buttonhole) to close garments. Common parts and types include:

Flat buttons with holes (two- or four-hole) sewn directly to cloth.
Shank buttons with a protruding loop to allow fabric to sit between button and garment.
Decorative buttons made from materials such as plastic, metal, wood, shell, glass or ceramic.

Buttons can be functional, ornamental, or both. They are produced by molding, carving, stamping, or casting and remain important in fashion, tailoring, and costume conservation.

Mechanical and electronic push-buttons

In engineering, a button is a manually operated switch used to control machinery or electronics. Types include momentary (returns when released) and latching (stays in position). Implementations range from simple mechanical contacts to sealed membrane or capacitive sensors. Applications include doorbells, control panels, keyboards, industrial equipment, and consumer electronics.

Graphical buttons in software

In computing a button is a visual element that users click or tap to trigger actions. Graphical buttons appear in toolbars, dialog boxes, web pages, and mobile apps. Good design considers size, labeling, affordance, accessibility (keyboard focus, readable labels, and assistive technology support), and feedback on activation.

History, distinctions, and notable facts

Buttons have ancient origins as ornament and practical objects, and have evolved into mass-produced fashion accessories and precision engineering components. Important distinctions include buttons versus snaps, toggles, or zippers—each offers different trade-offs in durability, appearance, and ease of use. Collecting antique buttons is a hobby and buttons also serve symbolic or ceremonial roles in some cultures.