Apomorphy (biology): derived traits and their role in phylogeny Apomorphy An apomorphy is a derived character state that distinguishes a clade. This article explains definitions, types (synapomorphy, autapomorphy), examples, phylogenetic use, and complic…
Biological classification: principles, ranks, history and modern methods Biological classification Overview of biological classification (taxonomy): aims, hierarchical ranks, historical roots, modern phylogenetic methods, naming rules, species concepts, and practical uses in sci…
Tree of life (biology): evolutionary relationships and phylogenetic concepts Tree of life (biology) A summary of the biological 'tree of life' concept: its meaning, history, data and methods, limits such as horizontal gene transfer, and its uses in classification and research.
