Arauco War: Mapuche resistance against Spanish colonial rule Arauco War Centuries-long conflict between Spanish colonizers and the Mapuche in Araucanía, beginning c.1536; marked by frontier warfare, parlamentos (negotiated councils), and a final Chilea…
Galvarino: Mapuche warrior and symbol of resistance Galvarino Galvarino was a 16th‑century Mapuche warrior who resisted Spanish conquest after losing his hands; his story—capture, mutilation, return to battle, and execution—became a lasting s…
