The Hunger Games

The Tributes of Panem (original title: The Hunger Games) is a dystopian novel series by US author Suzanne Collins. The original novels were published between 2008 and 2010, and the German translations by Sylke Hachmeister and Peter Klöss were first published by Oetinger-Verlag between 2009 and 2011, selling 4.7 million copies. According to Scholastic, over 100 million books in the series have been sold worldwide.

A fourth volume was released in May 2020 in the form of a prequel, so it is set before the first three volumes in terms of time. In October 2019, the cover and title were unveiled in the USA as part of a festival. The English title is The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes, in the German translation published by Friedrich Oetinger Das Lied von Vogel und Schlange. The protagonist of the prequel is the later president of Panem, Coriolanus Snow, who is still a teenager here.

A film adaptation of the first volume was released in 2012 under the title The Hunger Games. In addition, Funtactix published The Hunger Games Adventures, the online role-playing game adaptation of the book, in April 2012. In 2013, the film adaptation of the second volume The Tributes of Panem - Catching Fire was released in cinemas, followed by the first part of the third volume, The Tributes of Panem - Mockingjay Part 1 on November 20, 2014. On November 19, 2015, the sequel and finale The Tributes of Panem - Mockingjay Part 2 was released.

Literary Form: The trilogy of novels is written entirely in the present tense in the first person from the perspective of the teenage protagonist Katniss Everdeen (autodiegetic narration). Katniss continuously narrates and comments on what is happening, what she is doing, experiencing, thinking and feeling. In doing so, she always reflects on her own position and way of acting. Katniss' inner monologue stands in stark contrast to the spectacular, often fast-paced and violent action. This contrast between narration and action creates a narrative tension in addition to the dynamics.

Panem

The Tributes of Panem is set in an unspecified future after North America has been largely destroyed by wars and also natural disasters. Out of the rubble emerged the dictatorial nation of Panem, originally consisting of the ruling wealthy Capitol and 13 surrounding poorer districts. The name of the nation of Panem derives from the Roman poet Juvenal's saying Panem et circenses (Latin for 'bread and games'). Bread and games were meant to keep the Romans from rebelling against the state.

Eventually, Panem saw an uprising of District residents against the Capitol due to the ever-increasing exploitation of the people. However, this was put down, with District 13 being completely annihilated according to the government's pronouncements. As a reminder to the Districts, the rulers introduced the so-called Hunger Games (see below). These are meant to intimidate the Districts and remind them that they are defenseless against the power of the government.

Capitol

The Capitol is the capital of Panem and is ruled directly by President Coriolanus Snow. Its inhabitants are the wealthiest citizens of Panem. They live in decadent luxury compared to most people in the districts. All the tributes (a type of gladiator, explanation in the Hunger Games section) are brought to the Capitol for the Hunger Games to be trained and presented. For the inhabitants of the Capitol, the games are a great pleasure and the most important event of the year.

Districts

The rest of Panem is divided into different districts of varying sizes, each specializing in certain products such as power generation or fishing. This specialization allows the Capitol to exert greater control over each district, as none are self-sufficient, however different districts are stocked differently with luxury goods. The districts do not have names, but numbers. For example, District 7 supplies the other districts with lumber and wood products. In total, there are 13 Districts in Panem, with the thirteenth considered destroyed until Mockingjay. District 12, the home of the protagonist Katniss Everdeen, is used for coal mining. Since this district is very poor, not enough safety precautions can be taken in the mines and many workers die in the mines. District 1 is the wealthiest district; luxury goods are produced there.

Hunger Games

Each year, one girl and one boy between the ages of 12 and 18 are drawn from each of the twelve Districts, the so-called Tributes, who must fight each other to the death in an open-air arena until only one Tribute remains. The games are broadcast on television and screens throughout Panem, and the residents of the Districts are forced to celebrate the Hunger Games as a festival.

Before the games begin, there is a float parade to the tribute training center and a three-day practice with the other tributes. Individual performances are then held and the gamemakers rate each tribute's chance of winning on a scale of 0 to 12. Finally, all tributes are interviewed for three minutes in a public event. Through the above events, the tributes try to win over sponsors who can give them expensive gifts such as food or medicine in the arena to increase their chance of survival.

Finally, in the arena, the tributes are placed on metal plates arranged in a circle, with a cornucopia in the middle. They first have one minute to find their way around the arena. During this time, the tributes are not allowed to leave the metal plates, otherwise they will be blown up by mines. After the minute is up, they can get equipment from the cornucopia and the surrounding area. These items can be weapons as well as food or medicine. Since the fight for these items is particularly fierce at the beginning, many tributes already die in the starting battle around the cornucopia.

The entire arena is surrounded by a force field that prevents the tributes from escaping. Weather and different special weapons are controlled by the Gamemakers; when they and the Capitol find the games too boring, they force the Tributes to fight through various interventions.

For each dead tribute a cannon is fired and in the evening an image of the deceased appears in the sky, so that the still living tributes also know who has been killed. Some tributes join together and form alliances. There are also the so-called careeros, who have been trained their whole lives for the Hunger Games and then volunteer to compete as tributes. Most of the time they are so strong that they also win.

Figures

Katniss Everdeen

Katniss is a starting 16-year-old from District 12 and the protagonist of the story. She competes as a female tribute for her district in the 74th Hunger Games in the arena. In Panem history, Katniss is the first tribute from District 12 to volunteer to compete in the games. She does this to save her sister Primrose, also known as Prim, from the cruel fate of the tributes, as she was originally drawn. Their shared father died in a gas explosion in the coal mines several years ago, after which their mother fell ill with severe depression and became barely responsive to her children. Thus, Katniss was forced to take over the care of the family and ensure their survival. She regularly hunts game in the forest with her best friend Gale in order to be able to sell it on the black market ("Hob"), because this is the only financial source of her family besides the cheese production by Prim's goat. The name Katniss is derived from an English name for the arrow herb.

Peeta Mellark

Peeta is sent to the arena with Katniss as tribute. He is the baker's son in District 12 and also 16 years old. He has been in love with Katniss since they both started school. At the age of 11, he saved Katniss and her family's lives by deliberately burning bread and throwing it to her, even though he was forbidden to do so.

Gale Hawthorne

Gale is Katniss' best friend and two years older than her. The two met while poaching in the woods. His father died in the same mining accident as Katniss' father; Gale, too, must support his family alone. In the second volume, we learn that Gale is also in love with Katniss.

primrose everdeen

Primrose (Prim) is Katniss' twelve-year-old sister. She was actually drawn for the 74th Hunger Games, but in order to protect her, Katniss takes her place. Because of her mother, who is an apothecary and healer, Primrose has a great deal of medical knowledge. She always cares deeply for Katniss and owns a goat named Lady, given to her by Katniss, and a cat named Buttercup. Primrose is the English word for primrose.

Haymitch Abernathy

Haymitch is Katniss and Peeta's mentor for the Hunger Games. He won the 50th Hunger Games, the second Jubilee, with the help of a force field, and has been trying to numb the memories of his own games with alcohol ever since. As a result, he can usually be found drunk. For his time in the arena, he promises to stay reasonably sober to help Katniss and Peeta win.

Rue

Rue is Katniss' twelve-year-old ally (from District 11), who reminds her strongly of her sister Prim. She is killed by the boy from District 1 (Marvel) (while she dies, Katniss sings to her). After her death, Katniss buries her with flowers, which she quickly gathers before the body is taken away. The whole thing is meant to be a silent salute to District 11, to which it reciprocates with a loaf of bread from the district for Katniss. Rue is the English word for rue.

Cinna

Cinna is Katniss' stylist during the Hunger Games. Katniss and he become good friends; she trusts him and is grateful for everything he does for her. He is the first person in the Capitol that she does not despise. Without his outfits, Katniss would never have become so popular with the Capitol's residents. He is also the one who made her Katniss - The Girl on Fire through his outfits. Without Cinna's support, Peeta and Katniss would not have become so popular.

Effie Trinket

Effie is Katniss' and Peeta's guardian. She always wears a wig in a bright color and makeup to match. Gale and Katniss like to imitate her; they both think the Capitol accent, on her, is overdone, like everything else in the Capitol. Effie always worries about Katniss and Peeta, though, and Katniss ends up finding her sympathetic, even if she still despises anything Capitol-related.

President Coriolanus Snow

President Snow is the president of Panem, an old man with snow-white hair who reminds Katniss of a snake. His rule is very strict and dictatorial. The games are the heart of Panem for him, which is why he never misses a part of them.

President Alma Coin

President Coin is the president of District 13, which was thought to be extinct, and co-founder of the rebellion. She is an intelligent, combative and at the same time domineering woman, with whom Katniss does not get along from the beginning. With her at times very authoritarian leadership style, she is no better than Snow.