What does SPQR stand for?
Q: What does SPQR stand for?
A: SPQR stands for the Latin phrase Senātus Populusque Rōmānus, which translates to "The Roman Senate and People" or "The Senate and People of Rome".
Q: What does SPQR refer to?
A: SPQR refers to the government of the ancient Roman Republic.
Q: Where is SPQR still used today?
A: SPQR is still used as an official emblem of the modern-day municipality of Rome.
Q: How was SPQR used in ancient times?
A: In ancient times, SPQR appeared on Roman coins, at the end of documents made public by inscription in stone or metal, in dedications of monuments and public works, and on the flag (vexilloid) of the Roman legions. It also appears in Roman political, legal and historical literature such as speeches by Cicero and Ab Urbe Condita Libri ("Books from the Founding of the City") by Livy.
Q: When did people first start using SPQR?
A: The date when people first started using SPQR is not known but it first appears in inscriptions from around 80 BC onwards.
Q: When was it last seen on coins?
A: The phrase was last seen on coins during Constantine's reign (AD 312-337), who was the first Christian Roman emperor.
Q: How did Mussolini use this phrase during his regime?
A: During Mussolini's Fascist regime, he emblazoned this phrase onto many public buildings as a way to promote his dictatorship as a "New Roman Empire".
