Lord Jim

Lord Jim is a novel by Joseph Conrad, first published as a serialized story in Blackwood's Magazine from October 1899 to November 1900. The novel is divided into two parts, a psychological tale of Jim's moral failings aboard the pilgrim ship Patna and an adventure story of Jim's rise and fall among the inhabitants of Patusan, a native state somewhere in the East Indies and Southeast Asia, respectively.

Some critics noted that the second part was worse than the first, but it is necessary to flesh out the psychological drama that begins in the first.

The impetus for the novel was the dramatic story of the pilgrim ship Jeddah, which was abandoned by its captain in distress at sea in 1880. Conrad dealt with this story after his arrival in Singapore in 1883.

The narrative

The narrative is notable for its use of different, interleaved narrative perspectives. It begins with narration by an authorial narrator, but most of it is rendered as a story told by Charles Marlow to a group of listeners. Within Marlow's narrative, Jim also gets to speak at length in the form of a conversation that Marlow relays in detail. Similarly, Marlow recounts a conversation with a crew member of the French ship that took the "Patna" in tow after the accident. The conclusion is a letter from Marlow. Thus, the events of the narrative are shown from many perspectives, which also necessitates a resolution of the chronological order. Such a multi-perspective view could neither be achieved by a single omniscient narrator nor by a first-person narrator (be it the main character Jim himself or another character involved in the plot such as Marlow).

The reader is left with the task of working out Jim's mental state from these different points of view. However, quite a few facts do not fit the explanation of the human condition, as Marlow remarks at the trial in the Patna case: "They wanted facts. Facts! They demanded facts from him, as if facts could explain anything!" In conclusion, Jim remains mysterious, as if viewed through a fog. "This fog in which he remained interesting, with fluid lines, a fighter who remains uncertain of his low place in the rankings." [...] "It is as if we were concerned with another man's intimate needs: that we perceive how intangible, floating, and nebulous remain the beings who share with us the same view of the stars and the warmth of the sun." It is only through Marlow's narrative that Jim lives for us-the warm relationship between the two men that prompts Marlow to "tell you the story, hand it over to you as it was, his exact existence, his reality-the truth uncovered in a moment of illusion."

Charles Marlow is also the narrator in three other works by Conrad: Heart of Darkness, Youth, and Play of Chance.

Synopsis

Jim is a young British sailor serving as first mate on the Patna, a derelict ship loaded with pilgrims to be taken from the Indian subcontinent to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage. When an accident occurs, the crew of scoundrels abandons the ship, leaving the pilgrims to their fate. They fear the Patna will sink. Jim actually wants to stay on board, but then jumps after the rest of the crew. The Patna does not sink, however, and a French ship takes her in tow and carries her to safety. While the captain and the other crew members evade trial, Jim alone faces responsibility. The court strips him of his nautical patents because of his misconduct. At the courthouse, he meets Marlow, who befriends him and tries to get him work as an assistant to various acquaintances, such as a miller and a ship chandler. Jim tries to remain undetected, but whenever his past comes to light, he abandons his job and moves deeper and deeper into the Far East. His shame haunts him like a shadow. Finally, Marlow's friend Stein, a wealthy merchant, suggests Jim be hired as his second-in-command in Patusan. The remote Southeast Asian countryside is populated by Malays and Bugis, and Jim's past can remain secret for the time being. Jim proves himself, gains the respect of the people, becomes their leader by defeating the brigand Sharif Ali, and protects them from the corrupt Malay chief Rajah Tunku Allang. Jim wins the love of a woman he names Jewel. "In her whole being there was a strange mingling of timidity and daring." He is "satisfied ... almost." Tragedy soon takes hold, however, when the town is attacked by the buccaneer "Gentleman" Brown. Although Brown and his gang are driven off, Dain Waris, the son of the leader of the Bugis community, is murdered. Jim, taking responsibility for his friend's death, is caught up in his shadow. He dies of a gunshot to the heart, fired by Dain Waris' father. "The crowd ... rushed forward again excitedly after the shot. They say the white man gave the rows of faces on the right and left a proud, fearless look. Then he fell forward, his hand over his lips, dead."