Long jump (athletics event)

Competition format and measurement

In formal meets an athlete typically has a limited number of attempts: a qualifying round followed by a final. The jump is measured from the take-off line to the nearest mark in the landing area made by any part of the body. If an athlete's foot crosses the take-off board or leaves a mark on it during take-off, the attempt is declared a foul and is not measured. Falling backwards on landing can reduce the recorded distance because measurement is taken to the first rearward mark.

Phases and technique

The long jump is commonly described in phases: the approach run, the take-off, the flight and the landing. A controlled and fast approach provides horizontal velocity; during take-off this velocity is partly converted into vertical lift. Athletes use different flight techniques—such as the hang, the sail, or the hitch-kick—to control rotation and extend the landing distance. Coaches and athletes study these stages closely; see instructional material on jump technique for demonstrations and drills.

Equipment, runway and pit

Basic equipment is minimal: a prepared runway, a durable take-off board set flush with the surface, and a sand-filled landing pit that cushions impact and accepts a clear mark. The pit is raked smooth between attempts. Surfaces, board dimensions and pit construction follow standards at organized meets to ensure fairness and safety. For information on facility specifications, consult guidance on pit and runway construction.

History and variations

The long jump has ancient roots and was part of early multi-discipline contests; it has evolved with modern athletics to include technical refinements, coaching methods and equipment improvements. Variations include standing long jump (no run-up) and wheelchair or para-athletics adaptations that follow modified rules to accommodate different abilities.

Importance and notable facts

The event rewards a combination of speed, power and technical skill and often features prominently in championships and multi-sport events. Small technical adjustments in approach or landing position can yield measurable gains, so athletes train extensively in sprint mechanics, strength, plyometrics and plyometric drills. The long jump remains a visible and historic part of track and field, producing memorable performances at national and international levels.

• Key skills: sprinting speed, explosive strength, body control.
• Common fouls: overstepping the board, improper take-off.
• Training focus: approach consistency, take-off angle, landing technique.