Karluk languages
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The classification proposed here ("Uyghur languages" with two subgroups, "Western" and "Eastern Uyghur languages") and thus also the lemma proposed here is not substantiated in either of the two sources cited. In particular, the unsubstantiated claim that Uzbek belongs to the "Uyghur languages" (or, more precisely, to the "West Uyghur languages") is highly controversial.
The Carluk languages or Southeast Turkic languages are a branch of the Turkic languages. Today, they comprise Western and Eastern Carlist, with a total of about 35 million native speakers. The Chagataic literary language, attested from the 15th century onwards, is based on the Carluk language - though in addition it has absorbed much vocabulary from Persian - and can be regarded as the immediate forerunner of the modern Carluk languages.
Present-day Carluk languages and their dialects are:
- West Carolinian
- Uzbek and its dialects. The so-called Oghuz Uzbek represents a transitional dialect into Turkmen. A similar function in Uzbek has the Kyptschak Uzbek, which represents a transition into Kazakh.
- Eastern Carolinian
- Uyghur and other "Eastern Turki" dialects in Kashgar, Yarkant, Hotan, Keriya, Qarqan, Aksu, Kuqa, Turpan and many more. (which also includes Äynu and Ili Turki (also Ili Uyghur or Taranchi)).
Although Yugur and Salaric are today partly counted among the Southeast Turkic or Carluk languages, they are descendants of other geographical branches of the Turkic languages. Yugur is probably a northeastern (Siberian) Turkic language, Salaric is descended from the Oghuz branch.
Old Uyghur also belongs to the northeastern or Siberian branch (it is an early form of Western Uyghur or closely related to it), so it is not a direct precursor of so-called modern Uyghur.
References
- ↑ Lars Johanson Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map (PDF; 305 kB)
- ↑ Lars Johanson Discoveries on the Turkic Linguistic Map (PDF; 305 kB), p. 19.
- ↑ Lars Johanson, Éva Csató The Turkic languages, 1998, p. 83.
Branches of the Turkic languages
OGHURISH: Chuvash
KIPTSHAKISH: Karaim, Kumyk, Karachay-Balkarian, Crimean Tatar, Bashkir, Nogaic, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kirghiz
OGHUSIAN: Turkish, Gagauz, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Khorasan Turkish, Kashgai, Aynallu, Afsharic, Salaric
KARLUKISH: Uzbek, Uighur, Ainu, Ili Turki
SIBIRIAN: Yakutian, Dolgan, Tuvan, Tofalarian, Khakassian, Altaic, Shorish, Chulymic, Yugur
ARGHU: Khalaj
