High heels

Characteristics and common types

Heels vary by height, shape and construction. Typical parts include the heel, insole, outsole and counter. Common styles include:

• Stiletto: tall, thin heel that narrows dramatically.
• Wedge: continuous sole from heel to toe providing more support.
• Platform: raised sole under the forefoot plus elevated heel.
• Kitten heel: short, slender heel for subtle lift.
• Block heel: wider, squared heel for stability.

History and development

Elevated heels have appeared in multiple cultures for centuries, serving practical, social and aesthetic roles. They have been used to improve footing on rough terrain, to indicate social rank, and later as a fashion statement. The styles and materials evolved with shoemaking techniques, industrial production and changing cultural tastes.

Uses, symbolism and examples

High heels are widely used in fashion, performance and formal dress. They can convey elegance, authority or glamour and are common in runway, evening wear and certain professional settings. For a broader view of heels in fashion contexts see fashion and footwear. Some male footwear traditions also feature raised heels, notably cowboy boots and designs with a Cuban heel.

Health and practical considerations

Because heels shift weight toward the forefoot and change joint angles, prolonged or very high heels can contribute to discomfort, pressure on the toes, and altered posture. Choosing appropriate height, fit and support helps reduce issues; alternatives such as wedges or lower heels lessen strain. Footwear choice balances aesthetics, comfort, and function, and preferences vary by culture, occupation and personal taste.