Fujian

Geography

The province is located on the southeast coast of China. With its area of 121,400 square kilometers, the province is slightly larger than the former GDR, but has twice the population. It borders the provinces of Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west and Guangdong to the southwest. To the east and south are the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. Fujian has strong cultural ties with the island of Taiwan across the Taiwan Strait. Several small islands in the Taiwan Strait belong to Fujian, while the Matsu and Quemoy are controlled by the Republic of China.

Fujian is geographically isolated from the rest of mainland China by several forested mountain ranges, with these ranges running parallel to the coast. Their height increases towards the hinterland, and on the border with Jiangxi lies the Wuyi Mountains, which are the highest elevation in the province at up to 2,100 m above sea level. In total, mountainous land occupies about 90% of the surface area. The coast is very bay- and island-rich, and there is little flat land between the mountainous land and the coast. The relief is described by the people of Fujian with the proverb "八山一水一分田 - bashan yishui yi fen tian", meaning eight parts mountain, one part water and one part field.

The main settlement area of Fujian with a population density of partly more than 1000 inhabitants per square kilometer is located between the two delta regions of Min River and Jiulong River. Larger cities are Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou (from north to south on the coast) as well as Nanping, Sanming and Longyan (in the hinterland on a parallel to the coast).

Waters

Due to the topography of the province, almost all rivers originate in the province and also flow into the sea on the Fujian coast. The Wuyi Mountains form the watershed between Fujian and Jiangxi, the Donggong Mountains the watershed between Fujian and Zhejiang. The longest river, the Min River gave the province its short name Min. Other important rivers are the Jiulong River, Ting River, Jin River, Jiao Xi, Ao River, Huotong Xi, Mulan River, Zhaoandong Xi, Zhang River, Qiulu River and Long River. All of them have a catchment area larger than 500 square kilometers. A large number of smaller watercourses originate in the mountains in the center of the province and flow directly into the sea from there. The largest four rivers drain three quarters of the territory of Fujian. Due to the high rainfall climate, Fujian's rivers discharge 116.8 billion cubic meters of water into the sea annually. The largest river, the Min River, accounts for almost half of this.

Most of the water is taken up by the rivers of the province in their upper and middle courses. Since they originate in the rain-rich mountains, they absorb a lot of water here, which leads to frequent flooding in the lower reaches. The annual average discharge in the province is 962 mm, depending on the rainfall it ranges between 500 and 1400 millimetres. Within China, only Taiwan and Guangdong have more annual runoff.

The coast of Fujian Province would be 530 kilometers long in a straight line. However, due to the numerous bays and peninsulas, the coastline is extended many times over to about 3,080 kilometers.

Climate

Fujian Province is characterized by warm humid and subtropical monsoon climate. The average annual temperature is between 17 and 21 °C. The July temperature averages 30 °C on the coast and 10 °C in January; these values are lower in the mountainous areas. Average rainfall ranges from 1,100 to 2,000 mm (1,670 mm provincial average), with the bulk (80-85%) of rain falling between May and September. The western mountainous region receives more rainfall than the coastal regions, and overall Fujian is among the regions with the most rainfall in mainland China. Typhoons occur annually in summer and autumn and cause widespread evacuations, as in September 2005, when 760,000 people had to be brought to safety from Typhoon Talim.

Climate diagram Fuzhou


Germany and Fujian on the same scale

Administrative division

People's Republic of China

Fujian Province is subdivided into nine district-free cities (for detailed information see there):

Map	#	Name	Administrative headquarters	Hanzi, Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2010)
	- Sub-provincial city -
	2	Xiamen	Siming	厦门市, Xiàmén Shì	3.531.347
	- District-free city -
	1	Fuzhou	Gulou	福州市, Fúzhōu Shì	7.115.370
	3	Longyan	Xinluo	龙岩市, Lóngyán Shì	2.559.545
	4	Nanping	Yanping	南平市, Nánpíng Shì	2.645.549
	5	Ningde	Jiaocheng	宁德市, Níngdé Shì	2.821.996
	6	Putian	Chengxiang	莆田市, Pútián Shì	2.778.508
	7	Quanzhou	Fengze	泉州市, Quánzhōu Shì	8.128.530
	8	Sanming	Sanyuan	三明市, Sānmíng Shì	2.503.388
	9	Zhangzhou	Xiangcheng	漳州市, Zhāngzhōu Shì	4.809.983

Republic of China

Fujian province consists of two counties: Kinmen and Lienchiang. The total area of the islands is 182.66 km². 71,000 people live on the islands (as of 2001).

Name	Kinmen	Lienchiang
Chinese	金門縣
Map
Islands	15 islands	36 islands
	Kinmen Islands (金門列島) Kinmen (金門島) Little Kinmen (小金門島) Dadan (大膽島) Erdan (二膽島) Dongding (東碇島) Beiding (北碇島) Jiangong (建功嶼) Wuqiu (烏坵嶼) Daqiu (大坵嶼) Xiaoqiu (小坵嶼)	Matsu Islands (馬祖列島) Nangan (南竿島) Beigan (北竿島) Dongju (東莒島) Xiju (西莒島) Dongyin (東引島) Xiyin (西引島) Gaodeng (高登島) Liang (亮島) Turtle Island (龜島)
Administrative division	6 large municipalities	4 large municipalities