Q: What is a conscientious objector?
A: A conscientious objector is a person who chooses not to be a combatant in military forces under conscription due to their nonviolent or religious beliefs, ethical and moral beliefs against killing human beings or pacifism.
Q: Why do some people become conscientious objectors?
A: Some people become conscientious objectors due to their nonviolent or religious beliefs, ethical and moral beliefs against killing human beings, or pacifism.
Q: How have countries treated conscientious objectors throughout history?
A: Countries have treated conscientious objectors differently throughout history, with some being arrested or fined, and others being punished with death.
Q: What alternative non-military services were created after World War II for pacifists?
A: After World War II, many Western countries created alternative non-military services (civil service) as an alternative form for pacifists.
Q: Did some countries have commissions to decide on conscientious objectors?
A: Yes, some countries had commissions to decide whether someone truly refused to do armed service out of their beliefs or because of fear of war.
Q: Has the denial of conscientious objectors been recognized as a violation of freedom of religion and thought?
A: Yes, the European Court of Human Rights has recognized the denial of conscientious objectors as a violation of freedom of religion and thought in 2013, and the European Union has recognized the right of conscientious objectors as one of the fundamental rights.
Q: Are there specific reasons why people become conscientious objectors?
A: Yes, people may become conscientious objectors due to nonviolent or religious beliefs, ethical and moral beliefs against killing human beings, or pacifism.