Congress of the Union

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The Congress of the Union (Congreso de la Unión, in full: Congreso General de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is the legislature of the state of Mexico. It consists of two chambers, the Senate (Senado de México) and the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados).

The Senate (Cámara de Senadores or Senado) consists of 128 senators. They represent the state as a whole and are elected for six years. The college is composed of two senators for each of the 31 states and the federal district, elected from candidates of the strongest party, as well as one senator each from the second strongest party. A further 32 senators are elected by proportional representation in the state as a whole.

The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados, equivalent to the British House of Commons) consists of 500 deputies. Each represents an average of 200,000 voters (for three years, without re-election). There are 300 directly elected deputies ("representación proporcional", according to majority voting in single-member constituencies) and 200 indirectly ("mayoría relativa"), proportionally according to a complicated list voting system. The composition corresponds roughly to the percentage of parties in the state as a whole.

Congressional elections in the middle of a 6-year presidential term are functionally equivalent to mid-term elections in the United States.