Chivalric romance
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The courtly novel is the epic large-scale form (genre) of courtly poetry. It uses old legends, which were taken from Celtic, ancient and oriental sources in accordance with the courtly culture broadened by the Crusades. The main characters of this poetry of the High Middle Ages are the knights living at the courts of the princes. There are different explanations about the authors of this poetry. Based on the style of writing and the formal, linguistic structure, either minstrels or clergymen or the knights themselves are possible authors.
Three major thematic complexes formed the basis for the bulk of the epics, "novels."
- Matière de Rome (antiquity; Aeneas novels, Alexander novels): pre-Christian, conquest, crusade-like.
- Matière de Bretagne (Britain and Brittany; Arthurian and Arthurian knight novels): women's service, honour, quest/quest
- Matière de France (France; novels about Charlemagne and others): Christian, fight against pagans
Central concepts of courtly poetry are the Minne (the serving love relationship of the knight to a lady of society) and the joyful attitude to life borne by the whole society (the "hôhe muot").
The courtly epic gives an idealized picture of courtly life. The content is usually a series of adventures (aventiures) performed by the knight for the glory of the beloved lady (or for the glory of the court); the form of the novel is usually the four-heaven rhyming couplet. The development of the courtly novel began in France with the romances of antiquity. The master of the French chivalric epic (Arthurian novel) was Chrétien de Troyes. From the German-speaking area came the first courtly novel by Heinrich von Veldeke (Eneasroman, written between 1170 and 1190 after a French adaptation of Vergil's Aeneid). Alongside Hartmann von Aue (Erec 1180, Iwein 1202) and Gottfried von Strassburg (Tristan, between 1200 and 1210) is Wolfram von Eschenbach with his Grail epic Parzival (c. 1200-1210).
More examples
- Abor and the mermaid (1300-1350), fragment
- Aucassin and Nicolette (13th century), unknown author
- Reinfried of Brunswick (13th/14th century), unknown author
- Blanschandin, (13th c.)
- Edolance (13th/14th century)
- Wolfnogan (12th/13th century) fragments
- Amadís de Gaula
- Paris and Vienne by Pierre de la Cépède from 1487.
- Erotokritos by Vitsentzos Kornaros (1553-1613).
See also
- List of Ibero-Roman knight books
- Fernidol
