Sydney Brenner CH FRS (13 January 1927 – 5 April 2019) was a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with Robert Horvitz and John Sulston. He was of Jewish descent.
Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology.
He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology. He founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California.