Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova (16 June 1881 – 17 October 1962) was a Russian painter, designer and writer. She was an avant-garde artist: her art styles were influenced by fauvism, cubism and futurism. As a designer she was notable for her set and costume creations for ballet and theatre.

Goncharova holds the world record for the price paid for a work of art by a woman. The painting was Goncharova's 1912 still-life The Flowers, and it sold for $U.S. 10.8 million.