List of independent cities in Germany
See also: List of administrative districts in Germany
This list contains the independent cities in Germany. There are 107 independent cities in which a total of over 25 million people lived at the end of 2011. This corresponded to just under one third of the population of Germany.
In Baden-Württemberg, independent cities are referred to as city districts. Special cases are Aachen, Göttingen and Hanover, which are not county-free but are granted certain rights of a county-free city, as well as Berlin and Hamburg, which are also a Land. The state of Bremen has an unusual administrative structure compared to the rest of Germany; Bremen and Bremerhaven are considered independent municipalities within the state of Bremen, and thus also county-free cities. Since Saarbrücken - like Hanover and Aachen a member of a special type of municipal association - has not been explicitly granted similar special rights, it is not listed here.
The cities that have since been deprived of their status as district-free cities are listed in the Historical List of All District-Free Cities. 13 large cities are not county-free, the largest of which - in addition to the cities of Aachen, Göttingen, and Hannover, which are formally not county-free but are nevertheless included in this list - is the Saarland city of Saarbrücken (000000000179349,00000000179,349 inhabitants), followed by the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Neuss (000000000153109,00000000153,109). Other large cities belonging to the district are Paderborn (000000000151864,00000000151,864), Recklinghausen (000000000110705,00000000110,705), Reutlingen (000000000116031,00000000116,031), Bergisch Gladbach (000000000111636.00000000111.636), Moers (000000000103487.00000000103.487), Siegen (000000000101943.00000000101.943), Hildesheim (000000000101055.00000000101.055) and Gütersloh (000000000100664.00000000100.664).
The independent cities are distributed among the individual countries as follows (sorted alphabetically):
Counties in Germany District-free cities in Germany
Political division of Germany into federal states, administrative districts, (rural) counties and independent cities
In the following, 110 cities are listed (all currently independent cities as well as Aachen, Göttingen and Hannover). EW stands for inhabitants; a click on the coordinates given in the column City opens a web page with the possibility to display the location of the city at different map services. The column BL shows the coat of arms of the federal state as well as the abbreviation according to ISO 3166-2. The Location Map column shows the location of the respective city within its state.
Columns: BL = country, tEW = 1000 inhabitants
Coat of arms | City | City district ID | BL | Government district | IP | surface area km² | tEW1939 | tEW1950 | tEW1970 | tEW1990 | tEW2011 | EWnow | Population density | Location map |
| Aachen | 05334 | NW | Cologne | AC, MON | 160,85 | 162,2 | 129,8 | 175,5 | 239,2 | 260,5 | 248.878 (2020) | 1547 |
|
| Amberg | 09361 | BY | Upper Palatinate | AM | 50,14 | 31,8 | 37,9 | 41,3 | 42,9 | 43,5 | 42.052 (2020) | 839 |
|
| Ansbach | 09561 | BY | Middle Franconia | AN | 99,91 | 26,0 | 33,2 | 33,2 | 37,6 | 40,3 | 41.681 (2020) | 417 |
|
| Aschaffenburg | 09661 | BY | Lower Franconia | AB | 62,47 | 45,4 | 45,5 | 55,1 | 63,6 | 68,8 | 70.858 (2020) | 1134 |
|
| Augsburg | 09761 | BY | Swabia | A | 146,84 | 185,4 | 185,2 | 213,2 | 254,3 | 266,6 | 295.830 (2020) | 2015 |
|
| Baden-Baden | 08211 | BW | Karlsruhe | BAD | 140,21 | 33,2 | 36,6 | 37,2 | 51,5 | 54,5 | 55.449 (2020) | 395 |
|
| Bamberg | 09461 | BY | Upper Franconia | BA | 54,62 | 59,5 | 76,2 | 70,4 | 70,2 | 70,1 | 76.674 (2020) | 1404 |
|
| Bayreuth | 09462 | BY | Upper Franconia | BT | 66,93 | 45,0 | 58,8 | 64,2 | 72,0 | 73,1 | 74.048 (2020) | 1106 |
|
| Berlin | 11001 | B | B | 891,69 | 4338,8 | 3336,0 | 3200,7 | 3420,6 | 3501,9 | 3.664.088 | 3948 |
| |
| Bielefeld | 05711 | NW | Detmold | BI | 258,82 | 129,5 | 153,6 | 168,6 | 317,2 | 323,4 | 333.509 (2020) | 1289 |
|
| Bochum | 05911 | NW | Arnsberg | BO, WAT | 145,66 | 305,5 | 289,8 | 343,8 | 395,1 | 374,0 | 364.454 (2020) | 2502 |
|
| Bonn | 05314 | NW | Cologne | BN | 141,06 | 100,8 | 115,4 | 275,7 | 289,5 | 327,9 | 330.579 (2020) | 2343 |
|
| Bottrop | 05512 | NW | Munster | BOT | 100,61 | 83,4 | 93,3 | 106,2 | 118,2 | 116,4 | 117.388 (2020) | 1167 |
|
| Brandenburg on the Havel | 12051 | BB | BRB | 229,71 | 83,7 | 82,2 | 93,7 | 90,4 | 71,5 | 72.040 (2020) | 314 |
| |
| Brunswick | 03101 | NI | BS | 192,18 | 196,1 | 223,8 | 223,3 | 257,6 | 250,6 | 248.561 (2020) | 1293 |
| |
| Bremen | 04011 | HB | HB | 325,56 | 424,1 | 444,5 | 592,5 | 548,9 | 548,3 | 566.573 (2020) | 1740 |
| |
| Bremerhaven | 04012 | HB | HB | 93,82 | 112,8 | 114,1 | 142,9 | 129,9 | 113 | 113.557 (2020) | 1210 |
| |
| Chemnitz | 14511 | SN | C | 221,05 | 337,6 | 293,4 | 299,3 | 296,3 | 243,2 | 244.401 (2020) | 1106 |
| |
| Coburg | 09463 | BY | Upper Franconia | CO, NEC | 48,29 | 32,6 | 44,9 | 42,7 | 44,2 | 40,9 | 40.842 (2020) | 846 |
|
| Cottbus | 12052 | BB | CB | 165,15 | 55,5 | 60,9 | 82,8 | 126,4 | 102,1 | 98.693 (2020) | 598 |
| |
| Darmstadt | 06411 | HE | Darmstadt | DA | 122,09 | 115,2 | 94,8 | 141,8 | 138,3 | 149,1 | 159.174 (2020) | 1304 |
|
| Delmenhorst | 03401 | NI | DEL | 62,36 | 38,3 | 57,3 | 63,9 | 75,0 | 74,5 | 77.503 (2020) | 1243 |
| |
| Dessau-Roßlau | 15001 | ST | DE, RSL | 244,74 | 119,1 | 92,0 | 98,3 | 97,8 | 85,8 | 79.354 (2020) | 324 |
| |
| Dortmund | 05913 | NW | Arnsberg | DO | 280,71 | 542,3 | 507,3 | 640,6 | 597,4 | 581,0 | 587.696 (2020) | 2094 |
|
| Dresden | 14612 | SN | DD | 328,48 | 630,2 | 494,2 | 501,5 | 493,2 | 529,8 | 556.227 (2020) | 1693 |
| |
| Duisburg | 05112 | NW | Düsseldorf | YOU | 232,8 | 434,6 | 410,8 | 452,7 | 533,6 | 488,0 | 495.885 (2020) | 2130 |
|
| Dusseldorf | 05111 | NW | Düsseldorf | D | 217,41 | 541,4 | 500,5 | 661,0 | 575,1 | 592,4 | 620.523 (2020) | 2854 |
|
| Eisenach | 16056 | TH | EA | 104,17 | 53,1 | 51,8 | 50,9 | 45,9 | 42,7 | 41.970 (2020) | 403 |
| |
| Emden | 03402 | NI | EMD | 112,36 | 35,1 | 37,3 | 48,6 | 50,4 | 51,5 | 49.874 (2020) | 444 |
| |
| Erfurt | 16051 | TH | EF | 269,91 | 165,6 | 188,7 | 196,0 | 210,5 | 206,4 | 213.692 (2020) | 792 |
| |
| Erlangen | 09562 | BY | Middle Franconia | ER | 76,95 | 36,0 | 50,0 | 85,1 | 101,5 | 106,3 | 112.385 (2020) | 1460 |
|
| Essen | 05113 | NW | Düsseldorf | E | 210,34 | 666,7 | 605,4 | 696,4 | 626,1 | 573,5 | 582.415 (2020) | 2769 |
|
| Flensburg | 01001 | SH | FL | 56,74 | 70,9 | 102,8 | 95,4 | 87,0 | 89,4 | 89.934 (2020) | 1585 |
| |
| Frankenthal (Palatinate) | 07311 | RP | FT | 43,76 | 27,0 | 25,4 | 41,5 | 46,6 | 47,0 | 48.750 (2020) | 1114 |
| |
| Frankfurt (Oder) | 12053 | BB | FF | 147,85 | 83,6 | 52,8 | 62,0 | 86,2 | 60,0 | 57.015 (2020) | 386 |
| |
| Frankfurt on the Main | 06412 | HE | Darmstadt | F | 248,31 | 553,5 | 532,0 | 666,2 | 641,3 | 691,5 | 764.104 (2020) | 3077 |
|
| Freiburg im Breisgau | 08311 | BW | Freiburg | FR | 153,04 | 110,1 | 109,7 | 163,6 | 189,3 | 229,1 | 230.940 (2020) | 1509 |
|
| Fuerth | 09563 | BY | Middle Franconia | AF | 63,35 | 82,3 | 99,9 | 94,4 | 102,0 | 116,3 | 128.223 (2020) | 2024 |
|
| Gelsenkirchen | 05513 | NW | Munster | GE | 104,94 | 317,6 | 315,5 | 347,1 | 292,2 | 256,7 | 259.105 (2020) | 2469 |
|
| Gera | 16052 | TH | G | 152,18 | 83,4 | 98,6 | 111,1 | 129,7 | 98,8 | 92.126 (2020) | 605 |
| |
| Göttingen | 03159 | NI | GÖ | 116,89 | 51,2 | 78,7 | 109,9 | 120,9 | 121,4 | 116.845 (2020) | 1000 |
| |
| Hagen | 05914 | NW | Arnsberg | HA | 160,45 | 151,8 | 146,4 | 201,0 | 213,5 | 187,4 | 188.687 (2020) | 1176 |
|
| Halle (Saale) | 15002 | ST | HAL | 135,02 | 220,1 | 289,1 | 292,5 | 311,4 | 233,7 | 237.865 (2020) | 1762 |
| |
| Hamburg | 02000 | HH | HH | 755,22 | 1711,9 | 1605,6 | 1793,6 | 1640,1 | 1798,8 | 1.841.179 (2018) | 2515 |
| |
| Hamm | 05915 | NW | Arnsberg | HAM | 226,43 | 59,0 | 59,9 | 84,6 | 178,2 | 182,1 | 178.967 (2020) | 790 |
|
| Hanover | 03241 | NI | H | 204,14 | 471,0 | 444,3 | 521,0 | 509,8 | 525,9 | 534.049 (2020) | 2616 |
| |
| Heidelberg | 08221 | BW | Karlsruhe | HD | 108,84 | 86,5 | 116,5 | 121,4 | 135,8 | 149,6 | 158.741 (2020) | 1458 |
|
| Heilbronn | 08121 | BW | Stuttgart | HN | 99,88 | 77,6 | 64,6 | 102,3 | 115,1 | 124,3 | 126.458 (2020) | 1266 |
|
| Herne | 05916 | NW | Arnsberg | HER, WAN | 51,42 | 94,6 | 111,6 | 103,8 | 177,4 | 164,2 | 156.940 (2020) | 3052 |
|
| Farm | 09464 | BY | Upper Franconia | HO | 58,03 | 44,9 | 61,0 | 54,1 | 52,8 | 45,9 | 45.173 (2020) | 778 |
|
| Ingolstadt | 09161 | BY | Upper Bavaria | IN | 133,37 | 33,4 | 40,5 | 70,6 | 103,6 | 126,7 | 136.952 (2020) | 1027 |
|
| Jena | 16053 | TH | J | 114,77 | 70,6 | 80,3 | 88,3 | 102,7 | 105,5 | 110.731 (2020) | 965 |
| |
| Kaiserslautern | 07312 | RP | KL | 139,74 | 70,7 | 62,8 | 100,7 | 98,4 | 99,8 | 99.662 (2020) | 713 |
| |
| Karlsruhe | 08212 | BW | Karlsruhe | KA | 173,46 | 190,1 | 198,8 | 259,1 | 272,8 | 297,5 | 308.436 (2020) | 1778 |
|
| Kassel | 06611 | HE | Kassel | KS | 106,78 | 216,1 | 162,1 | 214,8 | 193,4 | 196,5 | 201.048 (2020) | 1883 |
|
| Kaufbeuren | 09762 | BY | Swabia | KF | 40,03 | 13,4 | 19,9 | 38,9 | 40,0 | 41,7 | 44.662 (2020) | 1116 |
|
| Kempten (Allgäu) | 09763 | BY | Swabia | KE | 63,28 | 29,7 | 39,8 | 44,9 | 61,5 | 62,2 | 68.940 (2020) | 1089 |
|
| Kiel | 01002 | SH | AI | 118,65 | 273,7 | 254,4 | 271,0 | 244,8 | 242,0 | 246.601 (2020) | 2078 |
| |
| Koblenz | 07111 | RP | KO | 105,13 | 91,1 | 66,4 | 120,1 | 108,2 | 106,7 | 113.388 (2020) | 1079 |
| |
| Cologne | 05315 | NW | Cologne | K | 405,02 | 772,2 | 594,9 | 849,5 | 950,2 | 1017,2 | 1.083.498 (2020) | 2675 |
|
| Krefeld | 05114 | NW | Düsseldorf | KR | 137,77 | 171,0 | 171,9 | 222,7 | 242,6 | 234,4 | 226.844 (2020) | 1647 |
|
| Landau in the Palatinate | 07313 | RP | LD | 82,96 | 25,7 | 23,2 | 31,4 | 37,0 | 44,0 | 46.685 (2020) | 563 |
| |
| Landshut | 09261 | BY | Lower Bavaria | LA | 65,81 | 31,6 | 46,8 | 52,4 | 58,6 | 64,3 | 73.065 (2020) | 1110 |
|
| Leipzig | 14713 | SN | L | 297,8 | 707,4 | 617,6 | 584,4 | 513,6 | 531,8 | 597.493 (2020) | 2006 |
| |
| Leverkusen | 05316 | NW | Cologne | LEV, OP | 78,87 | 50,1 | 65,5 | 107,6 | 159,8 | 161,2 | 163.905 (2020) | 2078 |
|
| Lübeck | 01003 | SH | HL | 214,21 | 154,8 | 238,3 | 240,0 | 214,4 | 210,6 | 215.846 (2020) | 1008 |
| |
| Ludwigshafen on the Rhine | 07314 | RP | LU | 77,55 | 144,4 | 123,9 | 176,3 | 161,1 | 165,6 | 172.557 (2020) | 2225 |
| |
| Magdeburg | 15003 | ST | MD | 201 | 336,8 | 260,3 | 270,7 | 279,9 | 232,4 | 235.775 (2020) | 1173 |
| |
| Mainz | 07315 | RP | MZ | 97,74 | 158,5 | 88,4 | 174,9 | 178,0 | 201,0 | 217.123 (2020) | 2221 |
| |
| Mannheim | 08222 | BW | Karlsruhe | MA | 144,96 | 285,0 | 245,6 | 332,4 | 308,4 | 314,9 | 309.721 (2020) | 2137 |
|
| Memmingen | 09764 | BY | Swabia | MM | 70,14 | 16,2 | 25,3 | 33,0 | 39,1 | 41,0 | 44.360 (2020) | 632 |
|
| Mönchengladbach | 05116 | NW | Düsseldorf | MG | 170,47 | 128,4 | 124,9 | 151,1 | 258,0 | 257,2 | 259.665 (2020) | 1523 |
|
| Mülheim on the Ruhr | 05117 | NW | Düsseldorf | MH | 91,28 | 137,5 | 149,6 | 192,2 | 177,6 | 167,2 | 170.921 (2020) | 1872 |
|
| Munich | 09162 | BY | Upper Bavaria | M | 310,7 | 829,3 | 831,9 | 1312,0 | 1219,6 | 1378,2 | 1.488.202 (2020) | 4790 |
|
| Minster | 05515 | NW | Munster | MS | 303,28 | 141,1 | 118,5 | 198,9 | 255,6 | 291,8 | 316.403 (2020) | 1043 |
|
| Neumünster | 01004 | SH | NMS | 71,63 | 54,1 | 73,5 | 86,1 | 80,6 | 76,9 | 79.905 (2020) | 1116 |
| |
| Neustadt on the Wine Route | 07316 | RP | NW | 117,1 | 24,5 | 26,8 | 51,0 | 51,6 | 52,9 | 53.306 (2020) | 455 |
| |
| Nuremberg | 09564 | BY | Middle Franconia | N | 186,38 | 423,4 | 362,5 | 478,2 | 490,5 | 510,6 | 515.543 (2020) | 2766 |
|
| Oberhausen | 05119 | NW | Düsseldorf | OB | 77,09 | 191,8 | 202,8 | 246,2 | 223,4 | 212,6 | 209.566 (2020) | 2718 |
|
| Offenbach on the Main | 06413 | HE | Darmstadt | OF | 44,89 | 85,1 | 89,0 | 118,8 | 114,4 | 122,7 | 130.892 (2020) | 2916 |
|
| Oldenburg | 03403 | NI | OL | 102,99 | 79,0 | 122,8 | 131,5 | 142,9 | 162,5 | 169.605 (2020) | 1647 |
| |
| Osnabrück | 03404 | NI | OS | 119,8 | 107,1 | 109,5 | 144,9 | 161,2 | 165,0 | 164.223 (2020) | 1371 |
| |
| Passau | 09262 | BY | Lower Bavaria | PA | 69,57 | 25,6 | 34,4 | 30,8 | 49,9 | 50,5 | 52.415 (2020) | 753 |
|
| Pforzheim | 08231 | BW | Karlsruhe | PF | 98 | 79,0 | 54,1 | 91,1 | 111,9 | 120,7 | 126.016 (2020) | 1286 |
|
| Pirmasens | 07317 | RP | PS | 61,37 | 50,4 | 42,0 | 55,2 | 47,4 | 40,0 | 40.176 (2020) | 655 |
| |
| Potsdam | 12054 | BB | P | 188,61 | 135,9 | 118,2 | 111,3 | 139,7 | 158,9 | 182.112 (2020) | 966 |
| |
| Regensburg | 09362 | BY | Upper Palatinate | R | 80,7 | 95,6 | 117,3 | 130,9 | 120,9 | 136,6 | 152.270 (2020) | 1887 |
|
| Remscheid | 05120 | NW | Düsseldorf | RS | 74,52 | 103,9 | 103,3 | 136,8 | 122,8 | 109,6 | 111.516 (2020) | 1497 |
|
| Rosenheim | 09163 | BY | Upper Bavaria | RO | 37,22 | 21,8 | 29,9 | 37,1 | 55,7 | 61,5 | 63.591 (2020) | 1708 |
|
| Rostock | 13003 | MV | HRO | 181,26 | 121,2 | 133,1 | 198,4 | 248,8 | 204,3 | 209.191 (2019) | 1154 |
| |
| Salzgitter | 03102 | NI | SZ | 223,92 | 45,6 | 100,7 | 119,0 | 113,6 | 101,8 | 103.866 (2020) | 464 |
| |
| Schwabach | 09565 | BY | Middle Franconia | SC | 40,82 | 14,5 | 19,4 | 26,6 | 35,1 | 39,1 | 41.056 (2020) | 1006 |
|
| Schweinfurt | 09662 | BY | Lower Franconia | SW | 35,7 | 49,3 | 46,1 | 58,2 | 54,1 | 53,2 | 53.319 (2020) | 1494 |
|
| Schwerin | 13004 | MV | SN | 130,52 | 64,6 | 93,6 | 96,9 | 127,8 | 95,3 | 95.653 (2019) | 733 |
| |
| Solingen | 05122 | NW | Düsseldorf | SG | 89,54 | 140,5 | 147,8 | 177,1 | 164,3 | 159,7 | 159.193 (2020) | 1778 |
|
| Speyer | 07318 | RP | SP | 42,6 | 30,1 | 31,8 | 42,2 | 46,0 | 50,0 | 50.741 (2020) | 1191 |
| |
| Straubing | 09263 | BY | Lower Bavaria | SR | 67,58 | 29,0 | 36,1 | 37,8 | 41,4 | 44,7 | 47.612 (2020) | 705 |
|
| Stuttgart | 08111 | BW | Stuttgart | S | 207,33 | 458,4 | 497,7 | 634,2 | 575,6 | 613,4 | 630.305 (2020) | 3040 |
|
| Suhl | 16054 | TH | SHL | 141,62 | 23,5 | 24,0 | 31,4 | 55,1 | 38,2 | 36.395 (2020) | 257 |
| |
| Trier | 07211 | RP | TR | 117,13 | 88,2 | 75,5 | 103,6 | 97,2 | 105,7 | 110.674 (2020) | 945 |
| |
| Ulm | 08421 | BW | Tübingen | UL | 118,68 | 74,4 | 71,1 | 93,2 | 109,9 | 123,7 | 126.405 (2020) | 1065 |
|
| Weiden in der Oberpfalz | 09363 | BY | Upper Palatinate | WEN | 70,55 | 29,4 | 37,7 | 42,2 | 42,0 | 42,0 | 42.535 (2020) | 603 |
|
| Weimar | 16055 | TH | WE | 84,48 | 65,9 | 64,5 | 63,7 | 60,5 | 65,5 | 65.098 (2020) | 771 |
| |
| Wiesbaden | 06414 | HE | Darmstadt | WI | 203,93 | 170,4 | 220,7 | 250,7 | 258,5 | 278,9 | 278.609 (2020) | 1366 |
|
| Wilhelmshaven | 03405 | NI | WHV | 106,95 | 113,7 | 101,2 | 103,0 | 90,2 | 81,0 | 75.189 (2020) | 703 |
| |
| Wolfsburg | 03103 | NI | WOB | 204,09 | 6,8 | 25,4 | 90,1 | 127,6 | 122,6 | 123.840 (2020) | 607 |
| |
| Worms | 07319 | RP | WO | 108,73 | 50,7 | 52,2 | 77,1 | 75,9 | 82,0 | 83.459 (2020) | 768 |
| |
| Wuppertal | 05124 | NW | Düsseldorf | W | 168,39 | 401,7 | 363,2 | 417,7 | 381,1 | 349,5 | 355.004 (2020) | 2108 |
|
| Würzburg | 09663 | BY | Lower Franconia | WÜ | 87,63 | 107,5 | 78,4 | 116,4 | 126,7 | 133,8 | 126.954 (2020) | 1449 |
|
| Zweibrücken | 07320 | RP | ZW | 70,64 | 30,7 | 25,8 | 32,8 | 33,7 | 33,8 | 34.001 (2020) | 481 |
|
See also
- List of district towns with special status in Germany
- Coats of arms of the German city and administrative districts
Questions and Answers
Q: What is an Urban District in Germany?
A: An Urban District, also known as Kreisfreie Stadt or Stadtkreis, is a large town or city that is responsible for its own local government.
Q: How many districts are there in Germany?
A: Germany is divided into 429 districts – 313 are rural districts (Landkreise) and 116 are urban districts (Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise).
Q: What is the difference between a rural district and an urban district?
A: A rural district (Landkreise) is part of a county (Kreis or Landkreis) in Germany, whereas an urban district (Kreisfreie Städte or Stadtkreise) is not.
Q: What is the role of a Regierungsbezirk or governmental district?
A: In some states of Germany, a Regierungsbezirk or governmental district helps with land-use planning and other jobs that can affect multiple districts.
Q: How is an Urban District in Germany similar to an independent city in the United States?
A: An Urban District in Germany is the equivalent of an independent city in the United States, as both are responsible for their own local government.
Q: What is a unitary authority in the United Kingdom?
A: A unitary authority in the United Kingdom is similar to an Urban District in Germany, as both have responsibility for their own local government without being part of a larger county or district.
Q: Are all Urban Districts in Germany the same size?
A: No, the size of Urban Districts in Germany can vary.