The United Nations Economic and Social Council (commonly abbreviated ECOSOC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. Established by the UN Charter in 1945, ECOSOC brings together member states, experts and observer organizations to coordinate the economic, social and related work of the UN system and to advance international cooperation on development, human rights and social progress. In French the body is known as the Conseil économique et social des Nations unies.

Structure and membership

ECOSOC has 54 member states elected by the General Assembly for staggered three-year terms. Members are allocated by regional groups to ensure geographic representation. The Council elects a president and bureau to guide its annual programme of work and organizes regular substantive sessions, often held in spring and summer, where ministers, agency heads and experts meet to review global trends and recommendations.

Subsidiary bodies and partnerships

The Council oversees a range of subsidiary bodies and forums: functional commissions (for example on the status of women and on population), five regional commissions covering the world’s regions, standing committees, expert groups and the High-level Political Forum on sustainable development. ECOSOC also maintains working relations with specialized UN agencies, funds and programmes and grants consultative status to non-governmental organizations so they can participate in discussions and submit input.

Key functions

  • Coordinate economic, social and related policies across the UN system.
  • Review progress on development goals and recommend policy measures.
  • Provide a platform for policy dialogue among governments, civil society and experts.
  • Facilitate partnerships, mobilize resources and monitor international cooperation.

ECOSOC plays a central role in follow-up and review of major development agendas, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Its meetings and high-level segments gather ministers and senior officials to assess progress, identify obstacles and propose coordinated responses.

While ECOSOC can issue policy guidance and recommendations, its decisions are generally not legally binding; implementation depends on member states and on cooperation across the UN system. The Council’s convening power and its consultative links with civil society and expert bodies make it a key forum for shaping international development priorities, even as debates continue about how to strengthen its effectiveness and impact.