What are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
Q: What are Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
A: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are proteins that function in the innate immune system and the digestive system.
Q: What is the structure of TLRs?
A: TLRs are membrane-spanning proteins that reach from the outside of the cell to the inside.
Q: What molecules do TLRs recognize?
A: TLRs recognize molecules that come from microbes.
Q: What happens once microbes get through physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa?
A: Once microbes get through physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs and the TLRs set up an immune cell response.
Q: What is the role of TLR signalling?
A: TLR signalling leads to the induction or suppression of genes that orchestrate the inflammatory response, and thousands of genes are activated by TLR signalling.
Q: How are Toll-like receptors important for gene modulation?
A: TLRs are one of the most important means of gene modulation.
Q: What is the role of Toll-like receptors in adaptive immunity?
A: Toll-like receptors have been shown to be an important link between innate and adaptive immunity through their presence in dendritic cells.
